When Love Hurts: The Science Behind Trauma Bonding in Toxic Relationships

Trauma bonding is a psychological phenomenon that can occur in toxic relationships. This type of bonding occurs when a person subjected to abusive behavior becomes emotionally attached to their abuser. It can make it difficult to leave a toxic relationship, even when the abuse is causing significant harm.

Trauma bonding is similar to Stockholm Syndrome, where hostages develop positive feelings towards their captors. In a toxic relationship, trauma bonding can occur due to the intermittent reinforcement of positive behaviors from the abuser. This creates a cycle of reward and punishment that keeps the victim emotionally invested in the relationship, even when the abuser’s behavior is harmful.

This type of bonding occurs when a person subjected to abusive behavior becomes emotionally attached to their abuser

The bond that is formed in trauma bonding is often based on the victim’s perceived need for protection and security. The abuser may offer a sense of safety and protection from external threats, creating an emotional attachment in the victim. This attachment can become even stronger when the abuser alternates between being kind, loving, and emotionally or physically abusive.